Pharmacognosy - Alkaloids and their Classification or Identification Test
Pharmacognosy - Alkaloids and their Classification or Identification Test
Hello Everyone!
in this Blog i will give you some notes and knowledge for how to learn Alkaloids.
Alkaloids:- Alkaloids are complex compound generally produce from plants. they are basic in nature and contain one and more Nitrogenous atom, and produce Pharmacological action in animal and human.
Physical property of Alkaloids:-
1. Most of the alkaloids are solid crystalline substance.
2. few alkaloids are liquid (Nicotine & Codeine).
3. generally alkaloids are colourless.
4. but some alkaloids are coloured in nature.
Berberine - Yellow
Betanidine - Red
5. A Number of alkaloids are degarded by exposure to light and air.
6. they are soluble in organic solvent but insoluble in water.
Chemical property:-
Alkaloids may contain one and more Number of nitrogen atom and it exist in form of-
1. Primary (R-NH2) - eg, Mescarine
2. Secondary (R2-NH) - eg, ephedrine
3. Tertiary (R3-NH) -eg, Atropine
4. quaternary ammonium compound (R4-NH) - eg, Tubocarine Chloride.
Types Of Alkaloids:- 4 types
1. True Alkaloids
2. Proto Alkaloids
3. False Alkaloids
4. pseudo Alkaloids
Drug Distribution :- according to parts of the plant's.
1.Leaves:- Belladonna, Datura, Tobacco, vinca, hyoscyamus, coca etc all drugs obtained from Leaves.
2.Bark:- Cinchona, korchi, obtain from Barks
3.Root & Rhizomes:- Rauwolfia, Aconite, Rhubarb.
4.Fruit:- Opium (अफीम)
5.Seeds:- Nux vomica, Colchicum.
*Many alkaloids are obtained from Bacteria fungi
(eg, Ergot) and algae.
Isolation of Alkaloids:- we have two method to extract alkaloids from the particular part of the drug or plant.
Method A
Method B
Both the method involved Three stages.
1. Extraction
2. Prepration of crude alkaloids.
3. purification of crude alkaloids.
Method A:-
Method B:- 
Classification of Alkaloids :- 
Chemical Test for Alkaloids :- 
Thank YouI hope my notes will help you in your Exam's. if you have any problems and any question related to this topic you can contact me any time, i am always here to help. Like my blogshare us more and moreFollow us :-Facebook:- Anurag Sharma
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