Antidiabetic Drug And Their Use

Antidiabetic drugs

Antidiabetic Drug And Their Use

Antidiabetic drugs (with the exception of insulin) are all pharmacological agents that have been approved for hyperglycemic treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). If lifestyle modifications (weight loss, dietary modification, and exercise) do not sufficiently reduce A1C levels (target level: ∼ 7%), pharmacological treatment with antidiabetic drugs should be initiated. These drugs may be classified according to their mechanism of action as insulinotropic or non-insulinotropic. They are available as monotherapy or combination therapies, with the latter involving two (or, less commonly, three) antidiabetic drugs and/or insulin. The exact treatment algorithms are reviewed in the treatment section of diabetes mellitus. The drug of choice for all type 2 diabetic patients is metformin. This drug has beneficial effects on glucose metabolism and promotes weight loss or at least weight stabilization. In addition, numerous studies have demonstrated that metformin can reduce mortality and the risk of complications. If metformin is contraindicated, not tolerated, or does not sufficiently control blood glucose levels, another class of antidiabetic drug may be administered. Most antidiabetic drugs are not recommended or should be used with caution in patients with moderate or severe renal failure or other significant comorbidities. Oral antidiabetic drugs are not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding

Antidiabetic Drug:- Substance that used to treat diabetes mellitus is called Anti diabetic Drug.

the diabetes is a disease in which glucose and its action in body in reduced.

it is either by reduction by insulin

ANTI DIABETIC DRUGS

1. PTEROCARPUS 

2. GYMNEMA SYLVESTRE

1. PTEROCARPUS-: 

Synonyms-: also known as pitasara, Bijasar, indian kino tree.

Biological Source-: it consist of the juice of the plant of Pterocarpus Marsupium.

Family-: Papilionoideae, Leguminosae, Fibaceae

Geographical Source-: Hilly Region, southern India, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar

Chemical Constituents-: kinotanic acid, kinored, kinoin, gallic acid, levo epiaticum 

Isoflavanoids, terpenoids, and tannis are reported from heartwood.

Roots contain liquid-ritigenin, garbanzol, pterosupin, pseudo-dobatigenin, and 5-deoxy-kaempferol.

Kino gum contains kitannic acid.

Yield

Uses-: 

Cold extract used in diabetes, its is a powerful astringent used in diarrhoea.

used in tanning - drying in skin disease.

Anti haemorrhage

Control Blood Sugar.

2.GYMNEMA SYLVESTRE-: 

Synonyms -: Asclepias geminata

Vernacular  Name -: Gur-Mar

Biological Source -: Drug Consists of leaves of plant Gymnema Sylvestre

Family -: Asclepiadaceae 

Geographical Source -: Hills of Bihar, M.P, orrisa, Deccan Penninsula. 

Morphology -: Hairy Branch, Ovate and Round shape, aromatic odour, tasteless, length 5to7cm

Chemical Constituents-: 

Albumin, organic acid, resin, mucilage, valine, adenine, stigmasterol

Uses -: 

Diabetes -: Early research shows that taking gymnema by mouth along with insulin or diabetes medications can improve blood sugar control in people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes.

Metabolic syndrome -: Early research shows that taking gymnema for 12 weeks can reduce body weight and body mass index in overweight people with metabolic syndrome. But gymnema does not appear to help with blood sugar control or improve cholesterol levels in these people.

Weight loss -: Early research shows that taking gymnema for 12 weeks can reduce body weight and body mass index in some people who are overweight. Early research also shows that taking a combination of gymnema, hydroxycitric acid, and niacin-bound chromium by mouth can reduce body weight in people who are overweight or obese.

Cough.

Increasing urine excretion (diuretic).

Malaria.

Metabolic syndrome.

Snake bites.

Softening the stool (laxative).

Stimulating digestion.