Acid Base Buffer

Acid, Base & Buffer

#Acid_Base_Buffer

#Acid

#Base

#Buffer

#Concept_of_Acid_Base

#Buffer_Capacity

#Buffer_Type

#Buffer_used_in_pharmaceutical_system

Question 1- What is an acid and a base? and write the Concept of Acid-Base Theory?

Ans.

Acids-  

• Sour in Taste
• Change Blue Litmus Paper in Red
• Gives (H+) ions
• pH less than 7

Base-

• Bitter in Taste
• Change Red Litmus Paper to Blue
• Gives (OH-) ions
• pH Greater than 7

Some Concept Of Acid and base -

1. Arrhenius Concept - 

 The first conceptual Definition of acid and base given by Arrhenius in (1887). This Theory also known as Classical Ionisation concept.

• According to This, Acids are Substance which are Capable of Providing Hydrogen ions 
• Base are Substance Containing Hydroxy group and Capable of providing Hydroxyl (OH-) ions.

Easy way to learn That

• Acid gives H+ ions
• base gives OH- ions

Chemical Reaction Example

    



   2. Brönsted-Lowry Concept-

 

This is sometimes termed as the Protonic Concept of acid and Base Characters. This Concept Given By two Scientists Surprisingly at the same time.

 

• According to this definition, Acid is any Substance that can donate a Proton to any other substance.
• Base is any substance that can Accept a Proton to any other substance.

Easy way to Learn That

• an acid is a Proton Donor
• while Base an a Proton Acceptor

   3. Lewis Acid-Base Concept-

 

This Concept given by G.N Lewis and Extension By Brönsted-Lowry approach.

(Electron deficient or Electrophilic)

Electron Loving 

• Base is an Electron pair Donor
•  Acid is an Electron pair Acceptor

 

Question No. 2-: Write short notes on Buffer?

Ans.

Buffer -

A solution resisting the change in pH is known as buffer Solution 

Buffer are the Solution which do not Change pH in their value on- 

• Standing for a long time
• exposure to an atmospheric conditions
• slightly Dilution and addition small amount of acid and base 

Types oF Buffer-

Two types

1. Acidic Buffer- made by weak acid with its salt
2. Basic Buffer/Alkaline Buffer- made by weak Base with its salt

Question No.3-: Define Buffer Capacity! and write the Buffer used in Pharmaceutical System?

Ans.

Buffer Capacity- it may be define as the moles of strong Acid and strong Base to required to change their pH on 1000ml  of buffer solution by one unit. buffer solution with higher buffer Capacity are more effective in controlling the pH.

Buffer used in Pharmaceutical System-

1. Tissue Irritation prevention
2. Optimum Therapeutic effect
3. maximum drug stability
4. maximum drug Soluble

1. Tissue Irritation prevention- solution which are use on the skin or body, that doesn't cause any irritation on our skin or tissue after applying the drug.
2. Optimum Therapeutical Effect- used for the maintaining the pH of the solution
3. Maximum Drug Stability- to find the stability of any drug, how much longer drug will be work.
4. maximum Drug Solubility- to find the rate of solubility. Solubility may be defined as the maximum concentration of a substance that may be completely dissolved in a given solvent at a given temperature and pressure. When both solute and solvent are liquids, the term miscibility rather than solubility may be used to describe the affinity between the liquids.

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